Groupware is a class of computer programs that enables individuals to collaborate on projects with a common goal from geographically dispersed locations through shared Internet interfaces as a means to communicate within the group. Groupware may also include remote access storage systems to archive frequently used data files. which can be altered, accessed and retrieved by workgroup members. This term is also known as collaborative software.
The first groupware commercial products of its kind emerged in early 1990s when International giants such as IBM and Boeing began using electronic meeting systems for their internal projects. Further, Lotus Notes appeared as a major product of this category, further enhancing remote group collaborations. Groupware systems are classified based on functions, specifically:
Groupware are either synchronous or asynchronous in nature. Synchronous groupware is a class of applications assisting a group of individuals physically separated to interact with each other using shared computational objects in real time. The fundamental requirement of a synchronous groupware is real-time coordination among clients. The user interfaces advocate a feeling of togetherness. They require shared audio channels for communication. Asynchronous groupware using electronic mails, structured messages, agents, workflow, computer conferencing, agents and cooperative hypertext and organizational memory, file sharing systems and collaborative writing systems. Asynchronous collaborations between users are well maintained only if they are allowed to perform their contributions without any restrictions. This can be accomplished through replicated data management systems with read any or write any data access. Users can execute concurrent updates. The extensive use of groupware on the Internet contributes to the development of Web 2.0, which uses instant messaging, Web conferencing, group calendars, document sharing, etc. Based on methods used, groupware tools are of two types, Web based and software collaborative tools. The division on area served houses knowledge creation tools, knowledge management tools, information sharing tools and collaborative project management tools. Groupware can also be divided based on collaboration levels such as communication, conferencing and coordination. Communication is considered as unstructured interchange of information such as an instant messaging chat. Conferencing is an interactive work by different individuals to attain a particular goal. Coordination is the complex interdependent work toward a common goal.
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