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A pin grid array (PGA) is the integrated circuit packaging standard used in most second- through fifth-generation processors. Pin grid array packages were either rectangular or square in shape, with pins arranged in a regular array. Pin grid array was preferred for processors with larger-width data buses than dual in-line pins, as it could handle the required number of connections better.
Techopedia Explains Pin Grid Array
The pin grid array started with the Intel 80286 microprocessor. It was mounted on a printed circuit board either by insertion into a socket or occasionally by the through-hole method. Pin grid arrays had many variations, such as:
- Ceramic — PGA in ceramic packaging
- Flip-chip — Die facing downwards on top of the substrate
- Plastic — PGA in plastic packaging
- Staggered — Pin layout staggered for tight compression
- Organic — Die attached to an organic plate
One of the biggest advantages provided by the PGA is the number of pins available per integrated circuit compared to older packaging standards like the dual in-line packages. This served well for newer processors with wider data and address buses. Moreover, PGA is cheaper than the ball grid array and other grid arrays.
However, the pin connections of the PGA are often less reliable and the PGA technology also had certain limitations on thermal and electrical capabilities. These drawbacks eventually resulted in the PGA being gradually replaced by other standards such as the ball grid array.
