Water cooling is gaining traction as increased processing speeds make heat more of an issue.

Engineers are creating more optimally-designed radiators to replace the heat sinks and fans currently cooling heat sources like high capacity CPUs. CPU water blocks and heat exchangers, consisting of a radiator with an attached fan, allow quieter operation and improved overclocking. Improved heat-handling capabilities allow for the support of hotter processors.

Until the late 1990s, PC water cooling was a homemade hobby. Now computer manufacturers have started to use pre-made and specialized components to fit inside computer cases. Alternate technologies also are being tested, including vapor-compression refrigeration and thermoelectric coolers.