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Ray casting is a rendering technique used in computer graphics and computational geometry. It is capable of creating a three-dimensional perspective in a two-dimensional map. Developed by scientists at the Mathematical Applications Group in the 1960s, it is considered one of the most basic graphics-rendering algorithms. Ray casting makes use of the same geometric algorithm as ray tracing.
Techopedia Explains Ray Casting
Ray casting is capable of transforming a limited form of data into a three-dimensional projection with the help of tracing rays from the view point into the viewing volume. The main principle behind ray casting is that rays can be cast and traced in groups based on certain geometric constraints. In ray casting, a ray from the pixel through the camera is obtained and the intersection of all objects in the picture is computed. Next, the pixel value from the closest intersection is obtained and is further set as the base for the projection. Ray casting is distinct from ray tracing, with ray casting being a rendering algorithm which would never recursively trace secondary rays, while ray tracing is capable of doing so. Ray casting is also simple to use compared to other rendering algorithms such as ray tracing.
Ray casting is fast, as only a single computation is needed for every vertical line of the screen. Compared to ray tracing, ray casting is faster, as it is limited by one or more geometric constraints. This is one of the reasons why ray casting was the most popular rendering tool in early 3-D video games.
However compared to ray tracing, the images generated with ray casting are not very realistic. Due to the geometric constraints involved in the process, not all shapes can be rendered by ray casting.
