FIX-E and FIX-W are two U.S. based Internet exchanges established in June 1989 by the Federal Engineering Planning Group. U.S. federal agency networks, such as the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET), NASA Science Network (NSN), Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) and Military Network (MILNET) are interconnected through these FIX points. The existence of these FIX points allowed the ARPANET - a predecessor to today's Internet - to be phased out in the mid-1990s. They are among the hundreds of commercial and community-based Internet exchange points (IXP) established in the U.S. and around the world.