Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (KSA)

Originally, U.S. government job applications required KSAs in the form of narrative statements, in addition to resumes and security clearances. Hiring officials expect brief and factual narratives describing previous work related to a desired position. Thus, KSA narrative formats facilitate thorough application review.

In 2009, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (USOPM) mandated that narrative statements be removed from all official federal agency recruiting processes. However, the KSA concept and format is still used by federal, state and local government, as well as private organizations.

KSA features, as defined by USOPM, include:

• KSA: Required job attributes and qualifications based on service, education and/or training
• Knowledge: Information applied to performance and function history
• Skill: Measured competency of a learned psychomotor activity
• Ability: Competency related to behavior or behavior resulting in an observed product

KSA classifications are segmented as follows:

• Technical: Evaluates an applicant's acquired knowledge and specific technical skills
• Behavioral: Evaluates factors related to human characteristics and skills, such as attitude, work approach and collaborative abilities

Each government agency follows separate guidelines. Generally, each KSA section should be one-half to one-and-a-half pages in length. KSA scoring is from 0-100. Most agencies require a minimum score of 71.