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A virtual IP address (VIPA) is an IP address assigned to multiple domain names or servers that share an IP address based on a single network interface card (NIC). VIPAs are allocated to virtual private servers, websites or any other application residing on a single server. The host server for these applications has a network IP address assigned by a network administrator, whereas the different server applications have VIPAs. VIPAs enhance network load balancing and redundancy.
Techopedia Explains Virtual IP Address
VIPAs are primarily implemented for the following reasons:
- To consolidate resources through the allocation of one network interface per hosted application
- To improve redundancy by providing alternative failover options on one machine
A server IP address depends on the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the attached NIC, and only one logical IP address may be assigned per card. However, VIP addressing enables hosting for several different applications and virtual appliances on a server with only one logical IP address. The VIPA is used for communication by all hosted applications – even though data packets are routed through actual network interfaces.
Several different application instances may be hosted with different VIPAs on the same server and easily switched for improved load balancing/performance and reduced latency.
VIPAs have several variations and implementation scenarios, including Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP) and Proxy Address Resolution Protocol (Proxy ARP).
