Asynchronous Data

Definition - What does Asynchronous Data mean?

Asynchronous data is data that is not synchronized when it is sent or received. In this type of transmission, signals are sent between the computers and external systems or vice versa in an asynchronous manner. This usually refers to data that is transmitted at intermittent intervals rather than in a steady stream, which means that the first parts of the complete file might not always be the first to be sent and arrive at the destination. Different parts of the complete data are sent in different intervals, sometimes simultaneously, but follow different paths toward the destination. The transfer of asynchronous data doesn’t require the coordination or timing of bits between the two endpoints.

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Techopedia explains Asynchronous Data

The transmission of asynchronous data is not prompted by a clock signal when sending the data to the receiver, unlike in synchronous methods, where sending data is measured against a time reference. Compared to synchronous transmission, asynchronous communication has a few advantages:

It is more flexible and devices can exchange information at their own pace. Individual data characters can complete themselves so that even if one packet is corrupted, its predecessors and successors will not be affected.
It does not require complex processes by the receiving device. This means that an inconsistency in the transmission of data does not result in a big crisis, since the device can keep up with the data stream. This also makes asynchronous transfers suitable for applications where character data is generated in an irregular manner.

There are also some disadvantages of using asynchronous data for transmission:

The success of these transmissions depends on the start bits and their recognition. This can be easily susceptible to line interference, causing these bits to be corrupted or distorted.
A large portion of the transmitted data is used for control and identification bits for headers and thus carries no useful information related to the transmitted data. This invariably means that more data packets need to be sent.