Orphans

The orphan is fairly rare in typesetting or layout. Unlike a widow, which is a small word or phrase at the end of a column or paragraph, the orphan doesn’t usually appear because of various rules for how text is set up.

The most common occurrence happens when the orphan is the last line of text, but the text has exceeded its column and gone to the top of the next one. Another option occurs when a short or narrow column is so excessively indented at the beginning of a paragraph that the first line is mostly white space.

In the event that an orphan appears, the designer or manager of the page can change fonts or font sizes, or the size of the actual text block. Adjusting the letting - that is, the space between the individual characters, is also an option.

There are also tools and resources in modern digital text handling programs like Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) that can help to provide consistent results across a large number of web pages or content pieces.