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Port forwarding is a networking technique through which a gateway or similar device transmits all incoming communication/traffic of a specific port to the same port on any internal network node. Port forwarding enables an external source network or system to connect to an internal source node/port, which typically connects to Internet services and an internal private LAN.
Port forwarding is also known as port mapping, tunneling or punch through.
Techopedia Explains Port Forwarding
Port forwarding is primarily used to segregate network traffic, optimize network speed and to permanently assign a network path for a specific protocol or network service (often used in VPN services). Generally, port forwarding uses well-known port numbers. It is typically implemented at a gateway router, which resides at a network’s boundary, to automate the process of identifying and transferring network packets to a destination port.
For example, suppose that a router receives a packet with an IP address and port number in the packet header. If the router is not configured with port forwarding, it will first resolve/identify the port before transmitting. However, if port forwarding is configured, it will automatically transfer the packet internally to the destination node. The whole process of port forwarding is transparent to all connected network clients.
