Designed in 1978, x86 architecture was one of the first ISAs for microprocessor-based computing. Key features include:

• Provides a logical framework for executing instructions through a processor
• Allows software programs and instructions to run on any processor in the Intel 8086 family
• Provides procedures for utilizing and managing the hardware components of a central processing unit (CPU)

The x86 architecture primarily handles programmatic functions and provides services, such as memory addressing, software and hardware interrupt handling, data type, registers and input/output (I/O) management.

Classified by bit amount, the x86 architecture is implemented in multiple microprocessors, including 8086, 80286, 80386, Core 2, Atom and the Pentium series. Additionally, other microprocessor manufacturers, like AMD and VIA Technologies, have adopted the x86 architecture.