Researchers from China, Hong Kong, and Australia have discovered over 160,000 new species of RNA viruses using advanced artificial intelligence (AI).
This groundbreaking work shows the speed and efficiency of AI in uncovering previously unknown viruses in a range of environments, from the atmosphere to extreme conditions like hot springs and hydrothermal vents.
The discovery of 160,000 new virus species with #AI offers a valuable insight into just how diverse life is on Earth. Great work by Prof Eddie Holmes and colleagues! #LeadershipForGood #USYD https://t.co/GFWbYfxvMl
— Prof Emma L Johnston AO FAA FTSE (@DrEmmaLJohnston) October 9, 2024
AI’s Role in Uncovering New Viruses
Central to this breakthrough is Alibaba Cloud Intelligence’s AI tool, which can identify novel virus species in mere seconds. The system employs LucaProt, a sophisticated machine-learning algorithm that analyzes genetic data, focusing on the replication proteins unique to RNA viruses. This method vastly outpaces traditional discovery techniques, condensing years of work into moments.
By analyzing large amounts of genetic sequence data uploaded to public databases, the software revealed a diverse set of RNA viruses, many of which had gone undetected due to the complexity of their genetic structures.
According to the researchers, this AI-drive approach boosted their efficiency and expanded the variety of viruses identified, hinting at millions more awaiting detection.
RNA viruses, which come in two main forms, single-stranded and double-stranded, are associated with human diseases and environmental ecosystems.
Known for their rapid replication, RNA viruses can modify host cells to suit their needs. Many human pathogens fall into the category of RNA viruses. These include the viruses responsible for common ailments like influenza and the common cold, as well as more serious threats such as COVID-19. Their prevalence and adaptability make RNA viruses a critical focus in medical research and public health initiatives.
This study opens up the possibility of future research into virus diversity and how these microorganisms contribute to global ecosystems.
Broader Impact of This Discovery
The researchers noted that most RNA viruses discovered had already been sequenced but were so genetically different from known species that their existence remained hidden.
AI was able to categorize and make sense of this “genetic dark matter,” revealing new insights into viral diversity.
This breakthrough could revolutionize our understanding of viruses and lead to the discovery of new types of life forms in unexplored environments.
Scientists are now exploring how AI can be used to examine biological systems, including bacteria and parasites, which also contain many undiscovered species.